Devices without an intended medical purpose – Annex XVI devices

The EU Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) regulates not only medical devices but also devices without an intended medical purpose, e.g., liposuction devices, breast implants, and colored contact lenses. In December 2022 – four and a half years after the MDR was published – the EU regulated the necessary details with two Commission Implementing Regulations (2022/2346 and…

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TIR 45: Agile software development for medical devices

The TIR45 (“Guidance on the use of AGILE practices in the development of medical device software”) is a Technical Information Report (hence TIR) of AAMI, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. First published in 2012, TIR45 has one primary objective: To guide medical device manufacturers on developing software compliant with FDA requirements while…

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PMS trend analysis – a complex issue where you cannot fail

Trend analysis is a legal obligation of all medical device manufacturers, especially in “Post-Market Surveillance.” Manufacturers must not fail in the selection and application of suitable statistical methods for trend analysis. This is because the focus of authorities and notified bodies is increasingly shifting to monitoring post-market activities. This article provides a quick introduction to this…

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V-model: Avoiding the 5 most common problems

The V-model is a development process model that was originally used for government projects (e.g., armaments). To this day, it is still anchored in many people’s minds and in standards for projects in regulated environments (e.g., medical technology, banks). This leads to disputes in teams that prefer agile development processes. This article helps to resolve…

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Development plan versus development process

Medical device manufacturers are obliged to both describe the development process and create a development plan. Because both documents specify how medical devices will be developed, there is uncertainty as to which information belongs in which document. This article resolves this and also examines the software. It looks at the software development plan and the…

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