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May 14, 2025


Primary and secondary users in usability engineering

By Dr. Philipp SchleerMay 14, 2025Leave a comment

What are primary users? What are secondary and even tertiary users? What specific requirements do regulations place on these user types, particularly the FDA and IEC 62366? Should we talk about users, operators, or consumers? This article provides answers.

FMEA: Definition and meaning using the example of medical devices

By Christian RosenzweigMay 14, 2025Leave a comment

FMEA, or Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, is a procedure for investigating the unknown effects of known causes. In the case of medical devices, for example, FMEA is used in risk analysis to analyze the consequences of a faulty component, in particular, the resulting hazards.

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Process FMEA (pFMEA): How to systematically identify process risks

By Prof. Dr. Christian JohnerMay 14, 2025Leave a comment

The process FMEA (pFMEA) is a method for the systematic analysis of risks resulting from failure modes in processes, such as device production and cleaning. Laws, such as the MDR, and standards, such as ISO 13485, require medical device manufacturers to identify and control such process risks.

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