Closed-loop systems in medical devices

Medical devices are increasingly based on closed-loop systems. These “closed-loop systems” are already mentioned in the Medical Device Regulation (MDR). One example is a system consisting of an insulin pump controlled by a device with a glucose sensor. In this article, you will learn what closed-loop systems are, where they are used in medicine, and what…

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Medicinal product or (substance-based) medical device?

The classification of whether a device is a medicinal product or a substance-based medical device has far-reaching regulatory consequences. This classification is so demanding that there are regular disputes with authorities and notified bodies, and in 2023, even the European Court of Justice had to rule on the matter. This article helps manufacturers, authorities, and…

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